Difference between revisions of "Main Page"

From specialfunctionswiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Trigonometric functions)
(Discrete distributions)
 
(102 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.
 
Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.
  
=How to get access to edit this Wiki=
+
<b><u>Registration</u></b>
We have had a big problem with auto-registering bots, so please send an e-mail to tomcuchta@gmail.com with subject "Special function wiki registration" and I will enable registration for you.
+
Due to a resurgence of automated spam bots, account registration and anonymous editing is currently disabled. Please contact Tom Cuchta (tomcuchta@gmail.com) to gain access to edit the wiki.
  
 
=Special functions=
 
=Special functions=
Line 10: Line 10:
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dedekindetathumb.png|45px|link=Dedekind eta]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dedekindetathumb.png|45px|link=Dedekind eta]]<br />
 
[[Dedekind eta]]</center></div>
 
[[Dedekind eta]]</center></div>
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:devilstaircasethumb.png|45px|link=Devil's staircase]]<br />
 
[[Devil's staircase]]</center></div>
 
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet eta]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet eta]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet eta]]</center></div>
 
[[Dirichlet eta]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletbetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet beta]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletbetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet beta]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet beta]]</center></div>
 
[[Dirichlet beta]]</center></div>
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:expthumb.png|45px|link=Exponential]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Exponential|<randomimagebycategory categories="exponentialglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 
[[Exponential]]</center></div>
 
[[Exponential]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Floor|<randomimagebycategory categories="floorglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Floor|<randomimagebycategory categories="floorglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
Line 28: Line 26:
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:lambertwthumb.png|45px|link=Lambert W]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:lambertwthumb.png|45px|link=Lambert W]]<br />
 
[[Lambert W|Lambert $W$]]</center></div>
 
[[Lambert W|Lambert $W$]]</center></div>
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:minkowskiqmthumb.png|45px|link=Minkowski question mark]]<br />
 
[[Minkowski question mark|Minkowski $?$]]</center></div>
 
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:planckradiationthumb.png|45px|link=Planck radiation]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:planckradiationthumb.png|45px|link=Planck radiation]]<br />
 
[[Planck radiation]]</center></div>
 
[[Planck radiation]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:ramanujantauthumb.png|45px|link=Ramanujan tau]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:ramanujantauthumb.png|45px|link=Ramanujan tau]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan tau|Ramanujan $\tau$]]</center></div>
 
[[Ramanujan tau|Ramanujan $\tau$]]</center></div>
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:riemannsiegelzthumb.png|45px|link=Riemann-Siegel Z]]<br />
 
[[Riemann-Siegel Z|Riemann-Siegel $Z$]]</center></div>
 
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:riemannxithumb.png|45px|link=Riemann xi]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:riemannxithumb.png|45px|link=Riemann xi]]<br />
 
[[Riemann xi|Riemann $\xi$]]</center></div>
 
[[Riemann xi|Riemann $\xi$]]</center></div>
Line 44: Line 38:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
[[Arithmetic functions]]<br />
+
[[Bickley-Naylor]]<br />
[[Bessel-Clifford function]]<br />
 
[[Böhmer integral]]<br />
 
[[Buchstab function]]<br />
 
 
[[Carlitz-Goss Gamma function]]<br />
 
[[Carlitz-Goss Gamma function]]<br />
[[Clausen functions]]<br />
+
[[Clausen cosine]]<br />
[[Dawson function]]<br />
+
[[Clausen sine]]<br />
 
[[Debye function]]<br />
 
[[Debye function]]<br />
[[Determinant]]<br />
 
[[Dickman–de Bruijn function]]<br />
 
 
[[Dirichlet function]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet function]]<br />
 
[[Discriminant]]<br />
 
[[Discriminant]]<br />
 
[[Distance to integers]]<br />
 
[[Distance to integers]]<br />
 
[[Eisenstein series]]<br />
 
[[Eisenstein series]]<br />
[[Faddeeva function]]<br />
 
 
[[Heaviside step function]]<br />
 
[[Heaviside step function]]<br />
 
[[Hermite function]]<br />
 
[[Hermite function]]<br />
[[Jacobi theta 1]]<br />
 
[[Jacobi theta 2]]<br />
 
[[Jacobi theta 3]]<br />
 
[[Jacobi theta 4]]<br />
 
 
[[K-function]]<br />
 
[[K-function]]<br />
 
[[Legendre chi]]<br />
 
[[Legendre chi]]<br />
 
[[Legendre function]]<br />
 
[[Legendre function]]<br />
 
[[Lerch transcendent]]<br />
 
[[Lerch transcendent]]<br />
[[Mathieu function]] <br />
+
[[Log barrier]]<br />
 +
[[MacRobert E]]<br />
 
[[Maass forms]] <br />
 
[[Maass forms]] <br />
 
[[Meijer G-function]]<br />
 
[[Meijer G-function]]<br />
[[Modified Struve function]]<br />
+
[[Mittag-Leffler]]<br />
 
[[Modular form]]<br />
 
[[Modular form]]<br />
 
[[Mock modular forms]]<br />
 
[[Mock modular forms]]<br />
 
[[Mock theta functions]]<br />
 
[[Mock theta functions]]<br />
 
[[Nome]]<br />
 
[[Nome]]<br />
[[p-adic L function|$p$-adic $L$ function]]<br />
 
 
[[Painlevé transcendents]]<br />
 
[[Painlevé transcendents]]<br />
 
[[Polyexponential]]<br />
 
[[Polyexponential]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan theta function]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan theta function]]<br />
 +
[[Riemann-Landau xi]]<br />
 
[[Riemann Siegel theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann Siegel theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann theta function]]<br />
 
[[Sievert integral]]<br />
 
[[Sievert integral]]<br />
[[Struve function]]<br />
+
[[Singular function]]<br />
 
[[Theta functions]]<br />
 
[[Theta functions]]<br />
 +
[[Unit step function]]<br />
 
[[Voight function]]<br />
 
[[Voight function]]<br />
 
[[Volterra function]]<br />
 
[[Volterra function]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass elementary factors]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass elementary factors]]<br />
[[Weierstrass function]]<br />
 
  
 
==Bessel functions and friends==
 
==Bessel functions and friends==
Line 97: Line 82:
 
{{:Kelvin functions footer}}
 
{{:Kelvin functions footer}}
  
 +
 +
 +
[[Modified Struve function]]<br />
 
[[Riccati-Bessel S | Riccati-Bessel $S_n$]]<br />
 
[[Riccati-Bessel S | Riccati-Bessel $S_n$]]<br />
 
[[Riccati-Bessel C | Riccati-Bessel $C_n$]]<br />
 
[[Riccati-Bessel C | Riccati-Bessel $C_n$]]<br />
Line 102: Line 90:
 
[[Riccati-Bessel Zeta | Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$]] <br />
 
[[Riccati-Bessel Zeta | Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$]] <br />
 
[[Weber function]]<br />
 
[[Weber function]]<br />
 +
<div class="grid2"><center>[[Struve function|<randomimagebycategory categories="Struveglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 +
[[Struve function]]</center></div>
  
 
==*-c functions==
 
==*-c functions==
Line 110: Line 100:
 
==Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions and friends==
 
==Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions and friends==
 
<div class="grid">
 
<div class="grid">
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:devilstaircasethumb.png|45px|link=Devil's staircase]]<br />
 +
[[Devil's staircase]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:minkowskiqmthumb.png|45px|link=Minkowski question mark]]<br />
 +
[[Minkowski question mark|Minkowski $?$]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Riemann function|<randomimagebycategory categories="riemannglyph" width=45 />]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Riemann function|<randomimagebycategory categories="riemannglyph" width=45 />]]<br />
 
[[Riemann function]]</center></div>
 
[[Riemann function]]</center></div>
Line 134: Line 128:
 
[[Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function]]<br />
 
[[Wen function]]<br />
 
[[Wen function]]<br />
 +
 +
==Defined by a differential equation==
 +
[[Buchstab function]]<br />
 +
[[Dickman–de Bruijn function]]<br />
 +
[[Mathieu function]] <br />
  
 
==Elliptic functions==
 
==Elliptic functions==
Line 159: Line 158:
  
 
==Error function and friends==
 
==Error function and friends==
[[Dawson F]]<br />
+
<div class="grid2"><center>[[Dawson D+|<randomimagebycategory categories="dawsondplusglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 +
[[Dawson D+]]</center></div>
 +
[[Dawson D-]]<br />
 +
[[Faddeeva function]]<br />
 
[[Inverse complementary error function]]<br />
 
[[Inverse complementary error function]]<br />
 
{{:Error functions footer}}
 
{{:Error functions footer}}
Line 185: Line 187:
 
==Gamma function and friends==
 
==Gamma function and friends==
 
<div class="grid">
 
<div class="grid">
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:binomialthumb.png|45px|link=Binomial coefficient]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Binomial coefficient|<randomimagebycategory categories="binomialglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
[[Binomial coefficient|Binomial]]</center></div>
+
[[Binomial coefficient]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Barnes G|<randomimagebycategory categories="barnesgglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[Barnes G|<randomimagebycategory categories="barnesgglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 
[[Barnes G|Barnes $G$]]</center></div>
 
[[Barnes G|Barnes $G$]]</center></div>
Line 220: Line 222:
  
 
==Hypergeometric series==
 
==Hypergeometric series==
<div class="grid">
+
{{:Hypergeometric functions footer}}
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:hypergeometricthumb.png|45px|link=Hypergeometric pFq]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric pFq|Hypergeometric ${}_pF_q$]]</center></div>
 
</div>
 
  
[[Hypergeometric 0F0]]<br />
+
[[Hypergeometric 0F3]]<br />
[[Hypergeometric 1F0]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric 0F1]]<br />
 
 
[[Hypergeometric 1F1]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric 1F1]]<br />
[[Hypergeometric 2F1]]<br />
 
 
[[Hypergeometric 1F2]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric 1F2]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric 2F0]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric 2F0]]<br />
[[Hypergeometric 2F1]]<br />
+
[[Hypergeometric 2F3]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 3F2]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 4F1]]<br />
 +
[[Lauricella–Saran functions]]<br />
  
 
==*-integral functions==
 
==*-integral functions==
 
{{:*-integral functions footer}}
 
{{:*-integral functions footer}}
 +
 +
[[Böhmer C]]<br />
 +
[[Böhmer S]]<br />
 +
[[Entire exponential integral]]<br />
 +
 +
==Jacobi theta functions==
 +
{{:Jacobi theta footer}}
  
 
==Logarithm function and friends==
 
==Logarithm function and friends==
<div class="grid">
+
{{:Logarithm and friends footer}}
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:Dilogarithmthumb.png|45px|link=Dilogarithm]]<br />
 
[[Dilogarithm]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid2"><center>[[File:lithumb.png|45px|link=Logarithmic integral]]<br />
 
[[Logarithmic integral|Log integral]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:logthumb.png|45px|link=Logarithm]]<br />
 
[[Logarithm]]</center></div>
 
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:polylog1thumb.png|45px|link=Polylogarithm]]<br />
 
[[Polylogarithm]]</center></div>
 
</div>
 
  
 +
[[Logarithm base a]]<br />
 
[[Logarithm (multivalued)]]<br />
 
[[Logarithm (multivalued)]]<br />
 
[[Trilogarithm]]<br />
 
[[Trilogarithm]]<br />
 +
 +
==Matrix functions==
 +
[[Determinant]] <br />
 +
[[Matrix arcsin]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix exponential]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix cosh]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix sinh]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix logarithm]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix sine]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix cosine]]<br />
 +
[[Trace]]<br />
 +
 +
===Matrix hypergeometric functions===
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric pFq]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 0F3]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 1F1]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 1F2]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 2F0]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 2F3]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 3F2]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 4F1]]<br />
  
 
==Operators==
 
==Operators==
Line 260: Line 279:
 
[[Mellin transform]]<br />
 
[[Mellin transform]]<br />
 
[[Radon transform]]<br />
 
[[Radon transform]]<br />
 +
[[Two-dimensional Laplace transform]]<br />
  
 
==Polynomials==
 
==Polynomials==
Line 266: Line 286:
 
[[Abel p|Abel $p$]]</center></div>
 
[[Abel p|Abel $p$]]</center></div>
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
[[Bernstein B]]<br />
 +
 +
==Probability distributions==
 +
===Continuous distributions===
 +
====Probability density funcitons====
 +
[[Arcsin pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Beta pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Cauchy pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Chi-squared pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Exponential pdf]]<br />
 +
[[F pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Gamma pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Laplace pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Log-normal pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Normal pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Pareto pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Student's t pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Continuous uniform pdf]]<br />
 +
[[Weibull pdf]]<br />
 +
 +
====Cumulative Density Functions====
 +
[[Arcsin cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Beta cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Cauchy cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Chi-squared cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Exponential cdf]]<br />
 +
[[F cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Gamma cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Laplace cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Log-normal cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Normal cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Pareto cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Student's t cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Continuous uniform cdf]]<br />
 +
[[Weibull cdf]]<br />
 +
 +
===Discrete distributions===
 +
[[Bernoulli distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Binomial distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Discrete uniform distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Geometric distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Negative binomial distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Poisson distribution]]<br />
 +
  
 
{{:Orthogonal polynomials footer}}
 
{{:Orthogonal polynomials footer}}
  
 
+
[[Adomian polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Angelescu polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Angelescu polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Bell polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Bell polynomial]]<br />
Line 276: Line 341:
 
[[Cyclotomic polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Cyclotomic polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Denisyuk polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Denisyuk polynomials]]<br />
 +
[[Eberlein polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Hahn polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Hahn polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Humbert polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Humbert polynomials]]<br />
Line 307: Line 373:
 
[[q-derivative | $q$-derivative]]<br />
 
[[q-derivative | $q$-derivative]]<br />
 
[[q-numbers|$q$-numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-numbers|$q$-numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Symmetric q-numbers|Symmetric $q$-numbers]]<br />
  
 
===$q$-special functions===
 
===$q$-special functions===
[[Basic hypergeometric series phi|Basic hypergeometric series $\phi$]]<br />
+
[[Basic hypergeometric phi|Basic hypergeometric $\phi$]]<br />
 
[[Basic hypergeometric series psi|Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$]]<br />
 
[[Basic hypergeometric series psi|Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$]]<br />
 
[[Continuous q-Hermite polynomial | Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Continuous q-Hermite polynomial | Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials]]<br />
Line 335: Line 402:
 
[[q-Gaussian distribution | $q$-Gaussian distribution]]<br />
 
[[q-Gaussian distribution | $q$-Gaussian distribution]]<br />
 
[[q-Hermite polynomial | $q$-Hermite polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-Hermite polynomial | $q$-Hermite polynomial]]<br />
[[q-Hypergeometric function | $q$-Hypergeometric function]]<br />
+
[[q-Hurwitz zeta|$q$-Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 
[[q-Pochhammer | $q$-Pochhammer symbol]]<br />
 
[[q-Pochhammer | $q$-Pochhammer symbol]]<br />
 
[[q-Pollaczek polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-Pollaczek polynomial]]<br />
Line 344: Line 411:
 
[[q-Theta function | $q$-Theta function]]<br />
 
[[q-Theta function | $q$-Theta function]]<br />
 
[[q-ultraspherical polynomial|$q$-ultraspherical polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-ultraspherical polynomial|$q$-ultraspherical polynomial]]<br />
 +
[[q-zeta|$q$-zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Second q-shifted factorial|Second $q$-shifted factorial]]<br />
 
[[Tsallis q-exponential|Tsallis $q$-exponential]]<br />
 
[[Tsallis q-exponential|Tsallis $q$-exponential]]<br />
  
Line 352: Line 421:
  
 
[[Dirichlet L-function | Dirichlet $L$-function]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet L-function | Dirichlet $L$-function]]<br />
 +
[[p-adic L function|$p$-adic $L$ function]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan's sum]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan's sum]]<br />
 
[[Riemann prime counting]]<br />
 
[[Riemann prime counting]]<br />
Line 367: Line 437:
 
[[Farey sequence]]<br />
 
[[Farey sequence]]<br />
 
[[Fermat numbers]]<br />
 
[[Fermat numbers]]<br />
[[Fibonacci sequence]]<br />
+
[[Fibonacci numbers]]<br />
 
[[Genocchi numbers]]<br />
 
[[Genocchi numbers]]<br />
 
[[Harmonic number]]<br />
 
[[Harmonic number]]<br />
[[Lah numbers]]<br />
+
[[Idoneal number]]<br />
 +
[[Jacobsthal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Signed Lah numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Unsigned Lah numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lucas numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lucas numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lychrel numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lychrel numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Pell numbers]]<br />
 
[[Mersenne numbers]]<br />
 
[[Mersenne numbers]]<br />
 
[[Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence]]<br />
 
[[Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence]]<br />
Line 383: Line 457:
 
[[Stirling numbers of the first kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the first kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
 +
[[Sylvester's sequence]]<br />
 
[[Thue-Morse sequence]]<br />
 
[[Thue-Morse sequence]]<br />
  
Line 397: Line 472:
 
{{:Hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 +
{{:Depreciated trigonometric functions footer}}
  
 
===Depreciated trigonometric functions===
 
===Depreciated trigonometric functions===
Line 405: Line 481:
 
[[Arcvercosine]]<br />
 
[[Arcvercosine]]<br />
 
[[Arcversine]]<br />
 
[[Arcversine]]<br />
[[Coversine]]<br />
 
[[Covercosine]]<br />
 
[[Excosecant]]<br />
 
[[Exsecant]]<br />
 
 
[[Hacovercosine]]<br />
 
[[Hacovercosine]]<br />
 
[[Hacoversine]]<br />
 
[[Hacoversine]]<br />
Line 415: Line 487:
 
[[Inverse tangent integral]]<br />
 
[[Inverse tangent integral]]<br />
 
[[Vercosine]]<br />
 
[[Vercosine]]<br />
[[Versine]]<br />
 
  
 
==Zeta functions==
 
==Zeta functions==
Line 458: Line 529:
 
[[Multiple zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Multiple zeta function]]<br />
 
[[p-adic zeta function | $p$-adic zeta function]]<br />
 
[[p-adic zeta function | $p$-adic zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[q-Hurwitz zeta|$q$-Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 +
[[q-zeta|$q$-zeta]]<br />
 
[[Reciprocal zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Reciprocal zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Ruelle zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Ruelle zeta function]]<br />
Line 466: Line 539:
 
[[Witten zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Witten zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Z function]]<br />
 
[[Z function]]<br />
 +
 +
==Arithmetic Operations==
 +
[[Addition]] <br />
 +
[[Division]] <br />
 +
[[Exponentiation]]<br />
 +
[[Hyperoperation]]<br />
 +
[[Multiplication]] <br />
 +
[[Subtraction]] <br />
 +
[[Tetration]]<br />
  
 
=Special constants=
 
=Special constants=
 +
[[Algebraic]] <br />
 +
[[Transcendental]]
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 478: Line 562:
 
| [[Brun's constant]] || $B_2$ || $1.9021605831\ldots$
 
| [[Brun's constant]] || $B_2$ || $1.9021605831\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Cahen's constant]] || ||  
+
| [[Cahen's constant]] || $C$ || $0.64341054629\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Catalan constant]] || $G$ || $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
 
| [[Catalan constant]] || $G$ || $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
Line 484: Line 568:
 
| [[Chaitin's constant]] || ||
 
| [[Chaitin's constant]] || ||
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Champernowne constant]] || || $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
+
| [[Champernowne constant]] || $C_{10}$ || $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Conway's constant]] || || $1.303577269034 \ldots$
 
| [[Conway's constant]] || || $1.303577269034 \ldots$
Line 529: Line 613:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Khinchin's constant]] || $K$ || $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
 
| [[Khinchin's constant]] || $K$ || $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Komornik–Loreti constant]] || $q$ || $1.787231650\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Legendre's constant]] || $B$ || $1$
 
| [[Legendre's constant]] || $B$ || $1$
Line 562: Line 648:
 
| [[Ramanujan constant]] || $R$ || $262537412640768743.9999999999992500\ldots$
 
| [[Ramanujan constant]] || $R$ || $262537412640768743.9999999999992500\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Reciprocal Fibonacci constant]] || ||
+
| [[Reciprocal Fibonacci constant]] || $\psi$ || $3.35988566624317755\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Rutherford constant]] || $K_R$ || $0.8227\ldots$
 
| [[Rutherford constant]] || $K_R$ || $0.8227\ldots$
Line 576: Line 662:
 
| [[Square root spiral constant]] || || $-2.1577829966\ldots$
 
| [[Square root spiral constant]] || || $-2.1577829966\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || ||
+
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || $\gamma_n$ ||
|-
 
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Ternary Champernowne constant]] || $C_3$ || $0.598958167538433\ldots$
 
| [[Ternary Champernowne constant]] || $C_3$ || $0.598958167538433\ldots$
Line 585: Line 669:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Thue constant]] || || $0.8590997969\ldots$
 
| [[Thue constant]] || || $0.8590997969\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Trott's constant]] || || $0.10841015\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Twin prime constant]] || ||
 
| [[Twin prime constant]] || ||
Line 612: Line 698:
 
[[Absolute minimum]]<br />
 
[[Absolute minimum]]<br />
 
[[Analytic continuation]]<br />
 
[[Analytic continuation]]<br />
 +
[[Arithmetic functions]]<br />
 
[[Binomial series]]<br />
 
[[Binomial series]]<br />
 
[[Cell]]<br />
 
[[Cell]]<br />
Line 618: Line 705:
 
[[Difference equation of hypergeometric type]]<br />
 
[[Difference equation of hypergeometric type]]<br />
 
[[Doubly periodic function]]<br />
 
[[Doubly periodic function]]<br />
 +
[[Entire]]<br />
 
[[Fundamental pair of periods]]<br />
 
[[Fundamental pair of periods]]<br />
 
[[Integration by parts]]<br />
 
[[Integration by parts]]<br />
Line 648: Line 736:
 
=External Links=
 
=External Links=
 
[http://authors.library.caltech.edu/43491/ Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)]<br />
 
[http://authors.library.caltech.edu/43491/ Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)]<br />
[http://dualaud.net/txt/rainvillespecialfunctions.php Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"]<br />
+
[https://github.com/tomcuchta/rainvillesfsolutions Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"]<br />
 
[http://web.mst.edu/~lmhall/SPFNS/spfns.pdf "Special Functions" by Leon Hall]<br />
 
[http://web.mst.edu/~lmhall/SPFNS/spfns.pdf "Special Functions" by Leon Hall]<br />
 
[http://www.johndcook.com/special_function_diagram.html Relations between special functions by John D. Cook]<br />
 
[http://www.johndcook.com/special_function_diagram.html Relations between special functions by John D. Cook]<br />
 
[http://dlmf.nist.gov NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]<br />
 
[http://dlmf.nist.gov NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]<br />
[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~sfinch/ Mathematical Constants by Steven R. Finch]<br />
 
 
[https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/t.h.koornwinder/specfun/ T.H Koornwinder's list of resources]<br />
 
[https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/t.h.koornwinder/specfun/ T.H Koornwinder's list of resources]<br />
 
[http://129.81.170.14/~vhm/Table.html Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals]<br />
 
[http://129.81.170.14/~vhm/Table.html Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals]<br />
[http://dualaud.net/specialfunctionswiki/abramowitz_and_stegun-1.03/index.htm Abramowitz and Stegun]<br />
 
 
[http://www.lmfdb.org/ LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.]<br />
 
[http://www.lmfdb.org/ LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.]<br />
 
[http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/books.html Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"]<br />
 
[http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/books.html Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"]<br />

Latest revision as of 13:31, 8 November 2024

Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.

Registration Due to a resurgence of automated spam bots, account registration and anonymous editing is currently disabled. Please contact Tom Cuchta (tomcuchta@gmail.com) to gain access to edit the wiki.

Special functions

Bickley-Naylor
Carlitz-Goss Gamma function
Clausen cosine
Clausen sine
Debye function
Dirichlet function
Discriminant
Distance to integers
Eisenstein series
Heaviside step function
Hermite function
K-function
Legendre chi
Legendre function
Lerch transcendent
Log barrier
MacRobert E
Maass forms
Meijer G-function
Mittag-Leffler
Modular form
Mock modular forms
Mock theta functions
Nome
Painlevé transcendents
Polyexponential
Ramanujan theta function
Riemann-Landau xi
Riemann Siegel theta function
Riemann theta function
Sievert integral
Singular function
Theta functions
Unit step function
Voight function
Volterra function
Weierstrass elementary factors

Bessel functions and friends

Bessel functions
Airy functions
Hankel functions
Kelvin functions


Modified Struve function
Riccati-Bessel $S_n$
Riccati-Bessel $C_n$
Riccati-Bessel $\xi_n$
Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$
Weber function

*-c functions

Normalized sinc

$*$-c functions

Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions and friends


Continuous nowhere differentiable functions

Besicovitch functions
Bolzano function
Cellérier function
Katsuura function
Keisswetter function
Koch curve
Knopp function
Lynch function
McCarthy function
Orlicz functions
Peano function
Petr function
Schoenberg function
Schwarz function
Sierpiński curve
Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function
Wen function

Defined by a differential equation

Buchstab function
Dickman–de Bruijn function
Mathieu function

Elliptic functions

Elliptic functions (general overview and definitions)

Jacobi Elliptic Functions

Incomplete Elliptic E
Incomplete Elliptic K
Jacobi elliptic functions
Weierstrass $\sigma$

Error function and friends

Dawson D-
Faddeeva function
Inverse complementary error function

Error functions

Figurate numbers

Tetrahedral numbers
Pyramidal numbers
Cubic numbers
Octahedral numbers

Polygonal numbers

Enneadecagonal numbers
Heptadecagonal numbers
Hexadecagonal numbers
Icosagonal numbers
Icosidigonal numbers
Icositetragonal numbers
Icositrigonal numbers
Icosihenagonal numbers
Myriagonal numbers
Octadecagonal numbers
Rectangular numbers

Gamma function and friends

Falling factorial
Incomplete beta function
Loggamma
Lower incomplete gamma
Multiple gamma function
Primorial
Rising factorial
Trigamma

Hypergeometric series

Hypergeometric functions

Hypergeometric 0F3
Hypergeometric 1F1
Hypergeometric 1F2
Hypergeometric 2F0
Hypergeometric 2F3
Hypergeometric 3F2
Hypergeometric 4F1
Lauricella–Saran functions

*-integral functions

$\ast$-integral functions

Böhmer C
Böhmer S
Entire exponential integral

Jacobi theta functions

Jacobi theta functions

Logarithm function and friends

Logarithm and friends

Logarithm base a
Logarithm (multivalued)
Trilogarithm

Matrix functions

Determinant
Matrix arcsin
Matrix exponential
Matrix cosh
Matrix sinh
Matrix logarithm
Matrix sine
Matrix cosine
Trace

Matrix hypergeometric functions

Matrix hypergeometric pFq
Matrix hypergeometric 0F3
Matrix hypergeometric 1F1
Matrix hypergeometric 1F2
Matrix hypergeometric 2F0
Matrix hypergeometric 2F3
Matrix hypergeometric 3F2
Matrix hypergeometric 4F1

Operators

Alexander operator
Bernardi operator
Fourier transform
Laplace transform
Libera operator
Mellin transform
Radon transform
Two-dimensional Laplace transform

Polynomials

Bernstein B

Probability distributions

Continuous distributions

Probability density funcitons

Arcsin pdf
Beta pdf
Cauchy pdf
Chi-squared pdf
Exponential pdf
F pdf
Gamma pdf
Laplace pdf
Log-normal pdf
Normal pdf
Pareto pdf
Student's t pdf
Continuous uniform pdf
Weibull pdf

Cumulative Density Functions

Arcsin cdf
Beta cdf
Cauchy cdf
Chi-squared cdf
Exponential cdf
F cdf
Gamma cdf
Laplace cdf
Log-normal cdf
Normal cdf
Pareto cdf
Student's t cdf
Continuous uniform cdf
Weibull cdf

Discrete distributions

Bernoulli distribution
Binomial distribution
Discrete uniform distribution
Geometric distribution
Hypergeometric distribution
Negative binomial distribution
Poisson distribution


Orthogonal polynomials

Adomian polynomials
Angelescu polynomials
Bell polynomial
Boole polynomials
Charlier polynomial
Cyclotomic polynomials
Denisyuk polynomials
Eberlein polynomials
Hahn polynomial
Humbert polynomials
$q$-Hermite polynomial
Krawtchouk polynomial
Lagrange polynomial
Lidstone polynomial
Lommel polynomial
Macdonald polynomials
Mahler polynomial
Meixner polynomial
Meixner-Pollaczek polynomial
Mott polynomial
Narumi polynomials
Neumann polynomial
Padovan polynomials
Peters polynomials
Pidduck polynomial
Pincherle polynomials
Sister Celine's polynomials
Spread polynomial
Touchard polynomial
Rook polynomial
Stirling polynomial

$q$-calculus

Basic Fourier series
Euler-Jackson $q$-difference operator
$q$-analog
$q$-Bernoulli numbers
$q$-derivative
$q$-numbers
Symmetric $q$-numbers

$q$-special functions

Basic hypergeometric $\phi$
Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$
Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials
Elliptic gamma function
Exton $q$-exponential
Generalized $q$-Bessel
Hahn-Exton $q$-Bessel
Gosper $q$-sine
Jackson $q$-Bessel (1)
Jackson $q$-Bessel (2)
Jackson $q$-Bessel (3)
LLT polynomials
$q$-Bessel function
$q$-Beta function
$q$-$\cos$
$q$-$\mathrm{Cos}$
$q$-Binomial coefficient
$q$-Dirichlet series
$q$-exponential $e_q$
$q$-exponential $e_{\frac{1}{q}}$
$q$-exponential $E_q$
$q$-exponential $E_{\frac{1}{q}}$
$q$-Fibonacci polynomials
q-Gamma function
$q$-Gaussian distribution
$q$-Hermite polynomial
$q$-Hurwitz zeta
$q$-Pochhammer symbol
q-Pollaczek polynomial
$q$-Polygamma function
$q$-shifted factorial
$q$-$\sin$
$q$-$\mathrm{Sin}$
$q$-Theta function
$q$-ultraspherical polynomial
$q$-zeta
Second $q$-shifted factorial
Tsallis $q$-exponential

$q$-calculus

Special functions in number theory

Number theory functions

Dirichlet $L$-function
$p$-adic $L$ function
Ramanujan's sum
Riemann prime counting

Special sequences

Sequences are merely functions whose domain is a subset of $\mathbb{Z}$.
Amicable numbers
Associated Stirling numbers of the second kind
Bell numbers
Bernoulli numbers ($B_0 = 1, B_1 = \pm \frac{1}{2}, B_2 = \frac{1}{6}, B_3 = 0, B_4 = −\frac{1}{30}, B_5 = 0, B_6 = \frac{1}{42}, B_7 = 0, B_8 = −\frac{1}{30}$)
Betrothed numbers
Carmichael numbers
Euler numbers
Erdős–Nicolas numbers
Farey sequence
Fermat numbers
Fibonacci numbers
Genocchi numbers
Harmonic number
Idoneal number
Jacobsthal numbers
Signed Lah numbers
Unsigned Lah numbers
Lucas numbers
Lychrel numbers
Pell numbers
Mersenne numbers
Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence
Perfect numbers
Powerful numbers
Pronic numbers
$q$-Bernoulli numbers
Reduced Stirling numbers of the second kind
Stieltjes constants
Stirling numbers of the first kind
Stirling numbers of the second kind
Sylvester's sequence
Thue-Morse sequence

Trigonometric functions

Arcsin (multivalued)
Arccos (multivalued)
Arctan (multivalued
Arccsc (multivalued)
Arcsec (multivalued)
Arccot (multivalued)

Trigonometric functions
Inverse trigonometric functions
Hyperbolic trigonometric functions
Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions
Depreciated trigonometric functions

Depreciated trigonometric functions

Arccosvercosine
Arccoversine
Archavercosine
Archaversine
Arcvercosine
Arcversine
Hacovercosine
Hacoversine
Havercosine
Haversine
Inverse tangent integral
Vercosine

Zeta functions

A directory of zeta functions.

Airy zeta function
Arithmetic zeta function
Arakawa-Kaneko zeta function
Arithmetic zeta function
Artin-Mazur zeta function
Barnes zeta function
Bessel zeta function
Beurling zeta function
Cotangent zeta function
Dedekind zeta function
Epstein zeta function
Fibonacci zeta function
Goss zeta function
Hasse-Weil zeta function
Height zeta function
Igusa zeta function
Ihara zeta function
Lefschetz zeta function
Lerch zeta function
Local zeta function
Matsumoto zeta function
Minakshisudaram-Pleijel zeta function
Motivic zeta function
Multiple zeta function
$p$-adic zeta function
$q$-Hurwitz zeta
$q$-zeta
Reciprocal zeta function
Ruelle zeta function
Secant zeta function
Selberg zeta function
Shimizu zeta function
Shintani zeta function
Witten zeta function
Z function

Arithmetic Operations

Addition
Division
Exponentiation
Hyperoperation
Multiplication
Subtraction
Tetration

Special constants

Algebraic
Transcendental

Name Notation Value
Apéry's constant $\zeta(3)$ $1.2020569031595942854 \ldots$
Artin constant $C_{\mathrm{Artin}}$ $0.3739558136\ldots$
Brun's constant $B_2$ $1.9021605831\ldots$
Cahen's constant $C$ $0.64341054629\ldots$
Catalan constant $G$ $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
Chaitin's constant
Champernowne constant $C_{10}$ $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
Conway's constant $1.303577269034 \ldots$
Copeland-Erdős constant $0.23571113171923...$
Euler's number $e$ $2.71828182846 \ldots$
Erdős-Borwein Constant $E$ $1.606695152415291763\ldots$
Euler-Mascheroni constant $\gamma$ $0.5772156649015328606065120900824024310421593359399235\ldots$
Feigenbaum constants $4.669201609102990671853203820466201617258185577475768632745651 \ldots$
Freiman constant $F$ $4.5278295661\ldots$
Fransén–Robinson constant $2.807770242028519365221501186557772932308085920930198291220054 \ldots$
Gauss' constant $G$ $0.83462684167\ldots$
Gieseking constant $G$ $1.01494160640965\ldots$
Gelfond constant $e^{\pi}$ $23.14069263277926900572908636794854738026610624260021199344504 \ldots$
Gelfond–Schneider constant $2^{\sqrt{2}}$ $2.665144142690225188650297249873139848274211313714659492835979 \ldots$
Glaisher–Kinkelin constant $A$ $1.2824271291 \ldots$
Goh-Schmutz constant $C$ $1.1178641511899\ldots$
Golden ratio $\phi$ $1.618033988749894848204586834365638117720309179805762862135448 \ldots$
Gompertz constant $G$ $0.596347362323\ldots$
Graham's number
Hall-Montgomery constant $\delta_0$ $0.17150049\ldots$
Imaginary number $i$ $\sqrt{-1}$
Jenny's constants $J$ $867.5309\ldots$
Kaprekar's constant $6174$
Khinchin's constant $K$ $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
Komornik–Loreti constant $q$ $1.787231650\ldots$
Legendre's constant $B$ $1$
Lefschetz number
Lévy's constant
Liouville constant
Meissel-Mertens constant $M$ $0.26149721284764278375...$
Mills' constant $M$ $1.306377883863080690468614492602605712916784585156713644368053 \ldots$
Nested radical constant $C$ $1.75793275\ldots$
Norton's constant $B$ $0.06535142\ldots$
Omega constant $\Omega$ $0.5671432904097838729\ldots$
Paper folding constant $P$ $0.85073618820186\ldots$
Pell constant $P$ $0.58057755820489\ldots$
Pi $\pi$ $3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944 \ldots$
Porter's constant $C$ $1.4670780794\ldots$
q-pi $\pi_q$
Rabbit constant $R$ $0.7098034428612913146\ldots$
Ramanujan constant $R$ $262537412640768743.9999999999992500\ldots$
Reciprocal Fibonacci constant $\psi$ $3.35988566624317755\ldots$
Rutherford constant $K_R$ $0.8227\ldots$
Shallit Constant
Sierpiński constant $S$ $0.8228252496\ldots$
Silver ratio $\delta_s$ $2.4142135623730950488 \ldots$
Soldner's Constant $\mu$ $1.45136923488338105028396848589202744949\ldots$
Square root spiral constant $-2.1577829966\ldots$
Stieltjes constants $\gamma_n$
Ternary Champernowne constant $C_3$ $0.598958167538433\ldots$
Theodorus constant $1.8600250792\ldots$
Thue constant $0.8590997969\ldots$
Trott's constant $0.10841015\ldots$
Twin prime constant
White House switchboard constants $W$ $0.2024561414 \ldots$
Wyler constant $\alpha_W$
Zolotarev-Schur constant

Numbers

Algebraic number $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$
Complex number $\mathbb{C}$
Integer $\mathbb{Z}$
Irrational number $\mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}$
Natural number $\mathbb{N}$
p-adic number
Prime number
Rational number $\mathbb{Q}$
Real number $\mathbb{R}$
Transcendental number

Tools from calculus

Absolute maximum
Absolute minimum
Analytic continuation
Arithmetic functions
Binomial series
Cell
Continuous
Derivative
Difference equation of hypergeometric type
Doubly periodic function
Entire
Fundamental pair of periods
Integration by parts
Integral from a to a
Laplace transform
Lattice generated by doubly periodic periods
Lebesgue integral
Local maximum
Local minimum
Periodic function
Period parallelogram
Polar coordinates
Product rule for derivatives
Quotient rule
Ratio test
Riemann integral
Stirling formula
Rolle's theorem
Taylor series
Weierstrass factorization

Other

Functions named after Pafnuty Chebyshev
Functions named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Functions named after Leonard Euler
Functions named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Functions named after Bernhard Riemann
Functions named after Karl Weierstrass

External Links

Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)
Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"
"Special Functions" by Leon Hall
Relations between special functions by John D. Cook
NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
T.H Koornwinder's list of resources
Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals
LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.
Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"
Online number theory lecture notes and teaching materials
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
"According to Abramowitz and Stegun" or arccoth needn't be uncouth