Gamma

The gamma function is the function defined by the integral (initially for positive values of $x$) $$\Gamma(x)=\displaystyle\int_0^{\infty} x^{t-1}e^{-x} dx.$$

Properties

Theorem: $\Gamma(x+1)=x\Gamma(x); x>0$

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Theorem: If $x \in \mathbb{N}$, then $\Gamma(x+1)=x!$.

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Theorem (Legendre Duplication Formula): $$\Gamma(2x)=\dfrac{2^{2x-1}}{\sqrt{\pi}} \Gamma(x)\Gamma \left( x +\dfrac{1}{2} \right).$$

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Proposition: If $z=0,-1,-2,\ldots$ then $\Gamma(z)=\infty$.

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Theorem: The following relationship between $\Gamma$ and the $\sin$ function holds: $$\Gamma(x)\Gamma(1-x) = \dfrac{\pi}{\sin(\pi x)}.$$

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Proposition: $\Gamma(x) = \displaystyle\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \dfrac{n^x n!}{x(x+1)\ldots(x_n)}$

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Proposition: $\Gamma(x)\Gamma(1-x)=\dfrac{\pi}{\sin(\pi x)}$

Proof: proof goes here █