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Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.
 
Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.
  
=How to get access to edit this Wiki=
+
<b><u>Registration</u></b>
We have had a big problem with auto-registering bots, so please send an e-mail to tomcuchta....at....gmail....dot....com with subject "Special function wiki registration" and I will enable registration for you.
+
Due to a resurgence of automated spam bots, account registration and anonymous editing is currently disabled. Please contact Tom Cuchta (tomcuchta@gmail.com) to gain access to edit the wiki.
  
 
=Special functions=
 
=Special functions=
<table border="0">
+
<div class="grid">
<tr>
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Ceiling|<randomimagebycategory categories="ceilingglyph" width="45" />]] <br />
<td><center>[[File:Airyaithumb.png|45px|link=Airy Ai]]<br />
+
[[Ceiling]]</center> </div>
[[Airy Ai]]</center></td>
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dedekindetathumb.png|45px|link=Dedekind eta]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Airybithumb.png|45px|link=Airy Bi]]<br />
+
[[Dedekind eta]]</center></div>
[[Airy Bi]]</center></td>
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet eta]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Angerjthumb.png|45px|link=Anger function]]<br />[[Anger function]]</center></td>
+
[[Dirichlet eta]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:barnesgthumb.png|45px|link=Barnes G]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:dirichletbetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet beta]]<br />
[[Barnes G|Barnes $G$]]</center></td>
+
[[Dirichlet beta]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:betathumb.png|45px|link=Beta]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Exponential|<randomimagebycategory categories="exponentialglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
[[Beta]]</center></td>
+
[[Exponential]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:binomialthumb.png|45px|link=Binomial coefficient]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Floor|<randomimagebycategory categories="floorglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
[[Binomial coefficient|Binomial]]</center></td>
+
[[Floor]]</center></div>
</tr>
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Identity function|<randomimagebycategory categories="identityglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
<tr>
+
[[Identity function|Identity]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:dedekindetathumb.png|45px|link=Dedekind eta]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:kleininvariantjthumb.png|45px|link=Klein invariant J]]<br />
[[Dedekind eta]]</center></td>
+
[[Klein invariant J|Klein invariant $J$]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:devilstaircasethumb.png|45px|link=Devil's staircase]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:partitionthumb.png|45px|link=Partition]]<br />
[[Devil's staircase]]</center></td>
+
[[Partition]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:digammathumb.png|45px|link=Digamma]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:lambertwthumb.png|45px|link=Lambert W]]<br />
[[Digamma]]</center></td>
+
[[Lambert W|Lambert $W$]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:Dilogarithmthumb.png|45px|link=Dilogarithm]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:planckradiationthumb.png|45px|link=Planck radiation]]<br />
[[Dilogarithm]]</center></td>
+
[[Planck radiation]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:dirichletetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet eta]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:ramanujantauthumb.png|45px|link=Ramanujan tau]]<br />
[[Dirichlet eta]]</center></td>
+
[[Ramanujan tau|Ramanujan $\tau$]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:dirichletbetathumb.png|45px|link=Dirichlet beta]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:riemannxithumb.png|45px|link=Riemann xi]]<br />
[[Dirichlet beta]]</center></td>
+
[[Riemann xi|Riemann $\xi$]]</center></div>
</tr>
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[Signum|<randomimagebycategory categories="Signumglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
<tr>
+
[[Signum]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:expthumb.png|45px|link=Exponential]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:thomaethumb.png|45px|link=Thomae]]<br />
[[Exponential]]</center></td>
+
[[Thomae]]</center></div>
<td><center>[[File:factorialthumb.png|45px|link=Factorial]]<br />
+
</div>
[[Factorial]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:gammathumb.png|45px|link=Gamma]]<br />
 
[[Gamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:hadamardgammathumb.png|45px|link=Hadamard gamma]]<br />
 
[[Hadamard gamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:hyperfactorialthumb.png|45px|link=Hyperfactorial]]<br />
 
[[Hyperfactorial]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:hypergeometricthumb.png|45px|link=Hypergeometric pFq]]<br />
 
[[Hypergeometric pFq|Hypergeometric ${}_pF_q$]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:Identitythumb.png|45px|link=Identity function]]<br />
 
[[Identity function]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Incompletegammathumb.png|45px|link=Upper incomplete gamma]]<br />
 
[[Upper incomplete gamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:kleininvariantjthumb.png|45px|link=Klein invariant J]]<br />
 
[[Klein invariant J|Klein invariant $J$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:logthumb.png|45px|link=Logarithm]]<br />
 
[[Logarithm]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:digammathumb.png|45px|link=Polygamma]]<br />
 
[[Polygamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:polylog1thumb.png|45px|link=Polylogarithm]]<br />
 
[[Polylogarithm]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:partitionthumb.png|45px|link=Partition]]<br />
 
[[Partition]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:lambertwthumb.png|45px|link=Lambert W]]<br />
 
[[Lambert W|Lambert $W$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:minkowskiqmthumb.png|45px|link=Minkowski question mark]]<br />
 
[[Minkowski question mark|Minkowski $?$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:planckradiationthumb.png|45px|link=Planck radiation]]<br />
 
[[Planck radiation]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:pochhammerthumb.png|45px|link=Pochhammer]]<br />
 
[[Pochhammer]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:ramanujantauthumb.png|45px|link=Ramanujan tau]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan tau|Ramanujan $\tau$]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:reciprocalgammathumb.png|45px|link=Reciprocal gamma]]<br />
 
[[Reciprocal gamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:riemannsiegelzthumb.png|45px|link=Riemann-Siegel Z]]<br />
 
[[Riemann-Siegel Z|Riemann-Siegel $Z$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:riemannxithumb.png|45px|link=Riemann xi]]<br />
 
[[Riemann xi|Riemann $\xi$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Scorergithumb.png|45px|link=Scorer Gi]]<br />
 
[[Scorer Gi|Scorer $\mathrm{Gi}$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Scorerhithumb.png|45px|link=Scorer Hi]]<br />
 
[[Scorer Hi|Scorer $\mathrm{Hi}$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:thomaethumb.png|45px|link=Thomae]]<br />
 
[[Thomae]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
[[Automorphic forms and functions]]<br />
+
[[Bickley-Naylor]]<br />
[[Bessel-Clifford function]]<br />
 
[[Böhmer integral]]<br />
 
[[Buchstab function]]<br />
 
 
[[Carlitz-Goss Gamma function]]<br />
 
[[Carlitz-Goss Gamma function]]<br />
[[Ceiling]]<br />
+
[[Clausen cosine]]<br />
[[Clausen functions]]<br />
+
[[Clausen sine]]<br />
[[Dawson function]]<br />
 
 
[[Debye function]]<br />
 
[[Debye function]]<br />
[[Dickman–de Bruijn function]]<br />
 
[[Dirac delta]]<br />
 
 
[[Dirichlet function]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet function]]<br />
 +
[[Discriminant]]<br />
 
[[Distance to integers]]<br />
 
[[Distance to integers]]<br />
 
[[Eisenstein series]]<br />
 
[[Eisenstein series]]<br />
[[Faddeeva function]]<br />
 
[[Falling factorial]]<br />
 
[[Floor]]<br />
 
 
[[Heaviside step function]]<br />
 
[[Heaviside step function]]<br />
 
[[Hermite function]]<br />
 
[[Hermite function]]<br />
[[Incomplete beta function]]<br />
 
[[Jacobi theta functions]]<br />
 
 
[[K-function]]<br />
 
[[K-function]]<br />
 
[[Legendre chi]]<br />
 
[[Legendre chi]]<br />
 
[[Legendre function]]<br />
 
[[Legendre function]]<br />
 
[[Lerch transcendent]]<br />
 
[[Lerch transcendent]]<br />
[[Lower incomplete gamma]]<br />
+
[[Log barrier]]<br />
[[Mathieu function]] <br />
+
[[MacRobert E]]<br />
 
[[Maass forms]] <br />
 
[[Maass forms]] <br />
 
[[Meijer G-function]]<br />
 
[[Meijer G-function]]<br />
[[Modified Struve function]]<br />
+
[[Mittag-Leffler]]<br />
 
[[Modular form]]<br />
 
[[Modular form]]<br />
 
[[Mock modular forms]]<br />
 
[[Mock modular forms]]<br />
 
[[Mock theta functions]]<br />
 
[[Mock theta functions]]<br />
[[Multiple gamma function]]<br />
+
[[Nome]]<br />
[[p-adic L function|$p$-adic $L$ function]]<br />
 
 
[[Painlevé transcendents]]<br />
 
[[Painlevé transcendents]]<br />
 
[[Polyexponential]]<br />
 
[[Polyexponential]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan theta function]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan theta function]]<br />
 +
[[Riemann-Landau xi]]<br />
 
[[Riemann Siegel theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann Siegel theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann theta function]]<br />
 
[[Riemann theta function]]<br />
[[Rising factorial]]<br />
 
[[Scorer Gi]]<br />
 
[[Scorer Hi]]<br />
 
 
[[Sievert integral]]<br />
 
[[Sievert integral]]<br />
[[Signum]]<br />
+
[[Singular function]]<br />
[[Struve function]]<br />
 
 
[[Theta functions]]<br />
 
[[Theta functions]]<br />
[[Trigamma]]<br />
+
[[Unit step function]]<br />
 
[[Voight function]]<br />
 
[[Voight function]]<br />
 +
[[Volterra function]]<br />
 +
[[Weierstrass elementary factors]]<br />
 +
 +
==Bessel functions and friends==
 +
{{:Bessel functions footer}}
 +
{{:Airy functions footer}}
 +
{{:Hankel functions footer}}
 +
{{:Kelvin functions footer}}
 +
 +
 +
 +
[[Modified Struve function]]<br />
 +
[[Riccati-Bessel S | Riccati-Bessel $S_n$]]<br />
 +
[[Riccati-Bessel C | Riccati-Bessel $C_n$]]<br />
 +
[[Riccati-Bessel Xi | Riccati-Bessel $\xi_n$]] <br />
 +
[[Riccati-Bessel Zeta | Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$]] <br />
 
[[Weber function]]<br />
 
[[Weber function]]<br />
[[Weierstrass elementary factors]]<br />
+
<div class="grid2"><center>[[Struve function|<randomimagebycategory categories="Struveglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
[[Weierstrass function]]<br />
+
[[Struve function]]</center></div>
 +
 
 +
==*-c functions==
 +
[[Normalized sinc]]<br />
 +
 
 +
{{:*-c functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
==Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions and friends==
 +
<div class="grid">
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:devilstaircasethumb.png|45px|link=Devil's staircase]]<br />
 +
[[Devil's staircase]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:minkowskiqmthumb.png|45px|link=Minkowski question mark]]<br />
 +
[[Minkowski question mark|Minkowski $?$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[Riemann function|<randomimagebycategory categories="riemannglyph" width=45 />]]<br />
 +
[[Riemann function]]</center></div>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{:Continuous nowhere differentiable functions footer}}
  
==Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions==
 
 
[[Besicovitch functions]]<br />
 
[[Besicovitch functions]]<br />
 
[[Bolzano function]]<br />
 
[[Bolzano function]]<br />
 
[[Cellérier function]]<br />
 
[[Cellérier function]]<br />
[[Darboux function]]<br />
 
[[Faber function F1]]<br />
 
[[Faber function F2]]<br />
 
 
[[Katsuura function]]<br />
 
[[Katsuura function]]<br />
 
[[Keisswetter function]]<br />
 
[[Keisswetter function]]<br />
Line 160: Line 123:
 
[[Peano function]]<br />
 
[[Peano function]]<br />
 
[[Petr function]]<br />
 
[[Petr function]]<br />
[[Riemann function]]<br />
 
 
[[Schoenberg function]]<br />
 
[[Schoenberg function]]<br />
 
[[Schwarz function]]<br />
 
[[Schwarz function]]<br />
 
[[Sierpiński curve]]<br />
 
[[Sierpiński curve]]<br />
[[Takagi function]]<br />
+
[[Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function]]<br />
[[van der Waerden function]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass function]]<br />
 
 
[[Wen function]]<br />
 
[[Wen function]]<br />
  
==Error functions==
+
==Defined by a differential equation==
[[Dawson F]]<br />
+
[[Buchstab function]]<br />
[[Inverse complementary error function]]<br />
+
[[Dickman–de Bruijn function]]<br />
{{:Error functions footer}}
+
[[Mathieu function]] <br />
  
==Bessel functions==
+
==Elliptic functions==
{{:Bessel functions footer}}
+
[[Elliptic function|Elliptic functions (general overview and definitions)]]
  
===Riccati-Bessel===
+
<div class="grid">
[[Riccati-Bessel S sub n | Riccati-Bessel $S_n$]]<br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:ellipticethumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic E]]<br />
[[Riccati-Bessel C sub n | Riccati-Bessel $C_n$]]<br />
+
[[Elliptic E|Elliptic $E$]]</center></div>
[[Riccati-Bessel Xi sub n | Riccati-Bessel $\xi_n$]] <br />
+
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:elliptickthumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic K]]<br />
[[Riccati-Bessel Zeta sub n | Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$]] <br />
+
[[Elliptic K|Elliptic $K$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:ellipticthetathumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic theta]]<br />
 +
[[Elliptic theta|Elliptic $\theta$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:modularlambdathumb.png|45px|link=Modular lambda]]<br />
 +
[[Modular lambda|Modular $\lambda$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:weierstrasspthumb.png|45px|link=Weierstrass elliptic]]<br />
 +
[[Weierstrass elliptic|Weierstrass elliptic]]</center></div>
 +
</div>
  
{{:Kelvin functions footer}}
+
{{:Jacobi elliptic functions footer}}
  
==Elliptic functions==
 
[[Elliptic function|Elliptic functions (general overview and definitions)]]
 
 
<table border="0">
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:ellipticethumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic E]]<br />
 
[[Elliptic E|Elliptic $E$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:elliptickthumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic K]]<br />
 
[[Elliptic K|Elliptic $K$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:ellipticthetathumb.png|45px|link=Elliptic theta]]<br />
 
[[Elliptic theta|Elliptic $\theta$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:modularlambdathumb.png|45px|link=Modular lambda]]<br />
 
[[Modular lambda|Modular $\lambda$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:weierstrasspthumb.png|45px|link=Weierstrass elliptic]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass elliptic|Weierstrass elliptic]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
 
[[Incomplete Elliptic E]]<br />
 
[[Incomplete Elliptic E]]<br />
 
[[Incomplete Elliptic K]]<br />
 
[[Incomplete Elliptic K]]<br />
Line 207: Line 157:
 
[[Weierstrass sigma | Weierstrass $\sigma$]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass sigma | Weierstrass $\sigma$]]<br />
  
{{:Jacobi elliptic functions footer}}
+
==Error function and friends==
 +
<div class="grid2"><center>[[Dawson D+|<randomimagebycategory categories="dawsondplusglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 +
[[Dawson D+]]</center></div>
 +
[[Dawson D-]]<br />
 +
[[Faddeeva function]]<br />
 +
[[Inverse complementary error function]]<br />
 +
{{:Error functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
==Figurate numbers==
 +
[[Tetrahedral numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Pyramidal numbers]] <br />
 +
[[Cubic numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Octahedral numbers]]<br />
 +
 
 +
{{:Polygonal numbers footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Enneadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Heptadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Hexadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Icosagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Icosidigonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Icositetragonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Icositrigonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Icosihenagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Myriagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Octadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Rectangular numbers]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Gamma function and friends==
 +
<div class="grid">
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[Binomial coefficient|<randomimagebycategory categories="binomialglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 +
[[Binomial coefficient]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[Barnes G|<randomimagebycategory categories="barnesgglyph" width="45" />]]<br />
 +
[[Barnes G|Barnes $G$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:betathumb.png|45px|link=Beta]]<br />
 +
[[Beta]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:digammathumb.png|45px|link=Digamma]]<br />
 +
[[Digamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:factorialthumb.png|45px|link=Factorial]]<br />
 +
[[Factorial]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:hyperfactorialthumb.png|45px|link=Hyperfactorial]]<br />
 +
[[Hyperfactorial]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:gammathumb.png|45px|link=Gamma]]<br />
 +
[[Gamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:hadamardgammathumb.png|45px|link=Hadamard gamma]]<br />
 +
[[Hadamard gamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:reciprocalgammathumb.png|45px|link=Reciprocal gamma]]<br />
 +
[[Reciprocal gamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:digammathumb.png|45px|link=Polygamma]]<br />
 +
[[Polygamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:Incompletegammathumb.png|45px|link=Upper incomplete gamma]]<br />
 +
[[Upper incomplete gamma]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:pochhammerthumb.png|45px|link=Pochhammer]]<br />
 +
[[Pochhammer]]</center></div>
 +
</div>
 +
[[Falling factorial]]<br />
 +
[[Incomplete beta function]]<br />
 +
[[Loggamma]]<br />
 +
[[Lower incomplete gamma]]<br />
 +
[[Multiple gamma function]]<br />
 +
[[Primorial]]<br />
 +
[[Rising factorial]]<br />
 +
[[Trigamma]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Hypergeometric series==
 +
{{:Hypergeometric functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Hypergeometric 0F3]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 1F1]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 1F2]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 2F0]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 2F3]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 3F2]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric 4F1]]<br />
 +
[[Lauricella–Saran functions]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==*-integral functions==
 +
{{:*-integral functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Böhmer C]]<br />
 +
[[Böhmer S]]<br />
 +
[[Entire exponential integral]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Jacobi theta functions==
 +
{{:Jacobi theta footer}}
 +
 
 +
==Logarithm function and friends==
 +
{{:Logarithm and friends footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Logarithm base a]]<br />
 +
[[Logarithm (multivalued)]]<br />
 +
[[Trilogarithm]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Matrix functions==
 +
[[Determinant]] <br />
 +
[[Matrix arcsin]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix exponential]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix cosh]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix sinh]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix logarithm]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix sine]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix cosine]]<br />
 +
[[Trace]]<br />
 +
 
 +
===Matrix hypergeometric functions===
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric pFq]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 0F3]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 1F1]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 1F2]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 2F0]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 2F3]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 3F2]]<br />
 +
[[Matrix hypergeometric 4F1]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Operators==
 +
[[Alexander operator]]<br />
 +
[[Bernardi operator]]<br />
 +
[[Fourier transform]]<br />
 +
[[Laplace transform]]<br />
 +
[[Libera operator]]<br />
 +
[[Mellin transform]]<br />
 +
[[Radon transform]]<br />
 +
[[Two-dimensional Laplace transform]]<br />
  
 
==Polynomials==
 
==Polynomials==
<table border="0">
+
<div class="grid">
<tr>
+
<div class="grid2"><center>[[File:abelpolynomialthumb.png|45px|link=Abel p]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:abelpolynomialthumb.png|45px|link=Abel p]]<br />
+
[[Abel p|Abel $p$]]</center></div>
[[Abel p|Abel $p$]]</center></td>
+
</div>
<td><center>[[File:associatedlaguerrelthumb.png|45px|link=Associated Laguerre L]]<br />
+
[[Bernstein B]]<br />
[[Associated Laguerre L]]</center></td>
+
 
<td><center>[[File:batemanpolynomialthumb.png|45px|link=Bateman Z]]<br />
+
==Probability distributions==
[[Bateman Z | Bateman $Z$]]</center></td>
+
===Continuous distributions===
<td><center>[[File:bernoullibthumb.png|45px|link=Bernoulli B]]<br />
+
====Probability density funcitons====
[[Bernoulli B|Bernoulli $B$]]</center></td>
+
[[Arcsin pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:besselpolynomialsthumb.png|45px|link=Bessel polynomial]]<br />
+
[[Beta pdf]]<br />
[[Bessel polynomial|Bessel poly]]</center></td>
+
[[Cauchy pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Chebyshevuthumb.png|45px|link=Chebyshev U]]<br />
+
[[Chi-squared pdf]]<br />
[[Chebyshev U|Chebyshev $U$]]</center></td>
+
[[Exponential pdf]]<br />
</tr>
+
[[F pdf]]<br />
<tr>
+
[[Gamma pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Chebyshevtthumb.png|45px|link=Chebyshev T]]<br />
+
[[Laplace pdf]]<br />
[[Chebyshev T|Chebyshev $T$]]</center></td>
+
[[Log-normal pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:dicksonthumb.png|45px|link=Dickson polynomial]]<br />
+
[[Normal pdf]]<br />
[[Dickson polynomial|Dickson]]</center></td>
+
[[Pareto pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:eulerethumb.png|45px|link=Euler E]]<br />
+
[[Student's t pdf]]<br />
[[Euler E|Euler $E$]]</center></td>
+
[[Continuous uniform pdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:fibonaccithumb.png|45px|link=Fibonacci]]<br />
+
[[Weibull pdf]]<br />
[[Fibonacci]]</center></td>
+
 
<td><center>[[File:gegenbauercthumb.png|45px|link=Gegenbauer C]]<br />
+
====Cumulative Density Functions====
[[Gegenbauer C|Gegenbauer $C$]]</center></td>
+
[[Arcsin cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Hermitephysthumb.png|45px|link=Hermite (physicist)]]<br />
+
[[Beta cdf]]<br />
[[Hermite (physicist)|Hermite (phys)]]</center></td>
+
[[Cauchy cdf]]<br />
</tr>
+
[[Chi-squared cdf]]<br />
<tr>
+
[[Exponential cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Hermiteprobthumb.png|45px|link=Hermite (probabilist)]]<br />
+
[[F cdf]]<br />
[[Hermite (probabilist)|Hermite (prob)]]</center></td>
+
[[Gamma cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:Jacobipthumb.png|45px|link=Jacobi P]]<br />
+
[[Laplace cdf]]<br />
[[Jacobi P|Jacobi $P$]]</center></td>
+
[[Log-normal cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:laguerrelthumb.png|45px|link=Laguerre L]]<br />
+
[[Normal cdf]]<br />
[[Laguerre L|Laguerre $L$]]</center></td>
+
[[Pareto cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:legendrepthumb.png|45px|link=Legendre P]]<br />
+
[[Student's t cdf]]<br />
[[Legendre P|Legendre $P$]]</center></td>
+
[[Continuous uniform cdf]]<br />
<td><center>[[File:lucasthumb.png|45px|link=Lucas]]<br />
+
[[Weibull cdf]]<br />
[[Lucas]]</center></td>
+
 
</tr>
+
===Discrete distributions===
</table>
+
[[Bernoulli distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Binomial distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Discrete uniform distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Geometric distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Hypergeometric distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Negative binomial distribution]]<br />
 +
[[Poisson distribution]]<br />
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{:Orthogonal polynomials footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Adomian polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Angelescu polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Angelescu polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Bell polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Bell polynomial]]<br />
Line 263: Line 346:
 
[[Krawtchouk polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Krawtchouk polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Lagrange polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Lagrange polynomial]]<br />
 +
[[Lidstone polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Lommel polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Lommel polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Macdonald polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Macdonald polynomials]]<br />
Line 281: Line 365:
 
[[Stirling polynomial]]<br />
 
[[Stirling polynomial]]<br />
  
<h2>Trigonometric functions</h2>
+
==$q$-calculus==
{{:Trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Inverse trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
 
{{:*-c functions footer}}
 
{{:*-integral functions footer}}
 
 
 
==Special functions in number theory==
 
<table border="0">
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:Chebthetathumb.png|45px|link=Chebyshev theta function]]<br />
 
[[Chebyshev theta function|Chebyshev $\vartheta$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Chebyshevpsithumb.png|45px|link=Chebyshev psi function]]<br />
 
[[Chebyshev psi function|Chebyshev $\psi$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:eulerphithumb.png|45px|link=Euler totient]]<br />
 
[[Euler totient|Euler totient]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Gpfthumb.png|45px|link=Greatest prime factor]]<br />
 
[[Greatest prime factor]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:mangoldtthumb.png|45px|link=Mangoldt]]<br />
 
[[Mangoldt|Mangoldt $\Lambda$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:mertensthumb.png|45px|link=Mertens]]<br />
 
[[Mertens]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:möbiusthumb.png|45px|link=Möbius]]<br />
 
[[Möbius]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:liouvillelambdathumb.png|45px|link=Liouville lambda]]<br />
 
[[Liouville lambda|Liouville $\lambda$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:primepithumb.png|45px|link=Prime counting]]<br />
 
[[Prime counting]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:riemannzetathumb.png|45px|link=Riemann zeta]]<br />
 
[[Riemann zeta]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:divisorsumthumb.png|45px|link=Sum of divisors]]<br />
 
[[Sum of divisors]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
 
 
[[Chebyshev theta function|Chebyshev $\vartheta$]]<br />
 
[[Dirichlet L-function | Dirichlet $L$-function]]<br />
 
[[Ramanujan's sum]]<br />
 
[[Riemann prime counting]]<br />
 
 
 
==Zeta functions==
 
A [http://empslocal.ex.ac.uk/people/staff/mrwatkin//zeta/directoryofzetafunctions.htm directory] of zeta functions.
 
 
 
<table border="0">
 
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:hurwitzzetathumb.png|45px|link=Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 
[[Hurwitz zeta]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:jacobizetathumb.png|45px|link=Jacobi zeta]]<br />
 
[[Jacobi zeta]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:primezetapthumb.png|45px|link=Prime zeta P]]<br />
 
[[Prime zeta P|Prime zeta $P$]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:riemannzetathumb.png|45px|link=Riemann zeta]]<br />
 
[[Riemann zeta]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:weierstrasszetathumb.png|45px|link=Weierstrass zeta]]<br />
 
[[Weierstrass zeta]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
 
 
[[Airy zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Arithmetic zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Arakawa-Kaneko zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Arithmetic zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Artin-Mazur zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Barnes zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Bessel zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Beurling zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Cotangent zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Dedekind zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Epstein zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Fibonacci zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Goss zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Hasse-Weil zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Height zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Igusa zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Ihara zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Lefschetz zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Lerch zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Local zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Matsumoto zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Minakshisudaram-Pleijel zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Motivic zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Multiple zeta function]]<br />
 
[[p-adic zeta function | $p$-adic zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Reciprocal zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Ruelle zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Secant zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Selberg zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Shimizu zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Shintani zeta function]]<br />
 
[[Witten zeta function]]<br />
 
 
 
==$q$-Calculus==
 
 
[[Basic Fourier series]]<br />
 
[[Basic Fourier series]]<br />
 +
[[Euler-Jackson q-difference operator|Euler-Jackson $q$-difference operator]]<br />
 
[[q-analog|$q$-analog]]<br />
 
[[q-analog|$q$-analog]]<br />
 
[[q-Bernoulli numbers | $q$-Bernoulli numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-Bernoulli numbers | $q$-Bernoulli numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-derivative | $q$-derivative]]<br />
 
[[q-derivative | $q$-derivative]]<br />
 
[[q-numbers|$q$-numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-numbers|$q$-numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Symmetric q-numbers|Symmetric $q$-numbers]]<br />
  
===$q$-Special functions===
+
===$q$-special functions===
[[Basic hypergeometric series phi|Basic hypergeometric series $\phi$]]<br />
+
[[Basic hypergeometric phi|Basic hypergeometric $\phi$]]<br />
 
[[Basic hypergeometric series psi|Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$]]<br />
 
[[Basic hypergeometric series psi|Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$]]<br />
 
[[Continuous q-Hermite polynomial | Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials]]<br />
 
[[Continuous q-Hermite polynomial | Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials]]<br />
Line 400: Line 392:
 
[[q-Cos | $q$-$\mathrm{Cos}$]]<br />
 
[[q-Cos | $q$-$\mathrm{Cos}$]]<br />
 
[[q-Binomial coefficient | $q$-Binomial coefficient]]<br />
 
[[q-Binomial coefficient | $q$-Binomial coefficient]]<br />
 +
[[q-Dirichlet series | $q$-Dirichlet series]]<br />
 
[[q-exponential e sub q | $q$-exponential $e_q$]]<br />
 
[[q-exponential e sub q | $q$-exponential $e_q$]]<br />
 
[[q-exponential e sub 1/q | $q$-exponential $e_{\frac{1}{q}}$]]<br />
 
[[q-exponential e sub 1/q | $q$-exponential $e_{\frac{1}{q}}$]]<br />
Line 408: Line 401:
 
[[q-Gaussian distribution | $q$-Gaussian distribution]]<br />
 
[[q-Gaussian distribution | $q$-Gaussian distribution]]<br />
 
[[q-Hermite polynomial | $q$-Hermite polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-Hermite polynomial | $q$-Hermite polynomial]]<br />
[[q-Hypergeometric function | $q$-Hypergeometric function]]<br />
+
[[q-Hurwitz zeta|$q$-Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 
[[q-Pochhammer | $q$-Pochhammer symbol]]<br />
 
[[q-Pochhammer | $q$-Pochhammer symbol]]<br />
 
[[q-Pollaczek polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-Pollaczek polynomial]]<br />
Line 417: Line 410:
 
[[q-Theta function | $q$-Theta function]]<br />
 
[[q-Theta function | $q$-Theta function]]<br />
 
[[q-ultraspherical polynomial|$q$-ultraspherical polynomial]]<br />
 
[[q-ultraspherical polynomial|$q$-ultraspherical polynomial]]<br />
 +
[[q-zeta|$q$-zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Second q-shifted factorial|Second $q$-shifted factorial]]<br />
 
[[Tsallis q-exponential|Tsallis $q$-exponential]]<br />
 
[[Tsallis q-exponential|Tsallis $q$-exponential]]<br />
  
<table border="0">
+
{{:Q-calculus footer}}
<tr>
 
<td><center>[[File:qbinomialthumb.png|45px|link=q-Binomial]]<br />
 
[[q-Binomial|$q$-Binomial]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:qgammathumb.png|45px|link=q-Gamma]]<br />
 
[[q-Gamma|$q$-Gamma]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:qfactorialthumb.png|45px|link=q-Factorial]]<br />
 
[[q-factorial|$q$-factorial]]</center></td>
 
<td><center>[[File:Eulerqphi.png|45px|link=Euler phi]]<br />
 
[[Euler phi|Euler $\phi$]]</center></td>
 
</tr>
 
</table>
 
  
=Special sequences=
+
==Special functions in number theory==
 +
{{:Number theory functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
[[Dirichlet L-function | Dirichlet $L$-function]]<br />
 +
[[p-adic L function|$p$-adic $L$ function]]<br />
 +
[[Ramanujan's sum]]<br />
 +
[[Riemann prime counting]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Special sequences==
 +
Sequences are merely functions whose domain is a subset of $\mathbb{Z}$. <br />
 
[[Amicable numbers]] <br />
 
[[Amicable numbers]] <br />
 
[[Associated Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
 
[[Associated Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
Line 441: Line 434:
 
[[Euler numbers]] <br />
 
[[Euler numbers]] <br />
 
[[Erdős–Nicolas numbers]]<br />
 
[[Erdős–Nicolas numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Farey sequence]]<br />
 
[[Fermat numbers]]<br />
 
[[Fermat numbers]]<br />
[[Fibonacci sequence]]<br />
+
[[Fibonacci numbers]]<br />
 
[[Genocchi numbers]]<br />
 
[[Genocchi numbers]]<br />
 
[[Harmonic number]]<br />
 
[[Harmonic number]]<br />
[[Lah numbers]]<br />
+
[[Idoneal number]]<br />
 +
[[Jacobsthal numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Signed Lah numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Unsigned Lah numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lucas numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lucas numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lychrel numbers]]<br />
 
[[Lychrel numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Pell numbers]]<br />
 
[[Mersenne numbers]]<br />
 
[[Mersenne numbers]]<br />
 
[[Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence]]<br />
 
[[Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence]]<br />
 
[[Perfect numbers]]<br />
 
[[Perfect numbers]]<br />
 +
[[Powerful numbers]]<br />
 
[[Pronic numbers]]<br />
 
[[Pronic numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-Bernoulli numbers | $q$-Bernoulli numbers]]<br />
 
[[q-Bernoulli numbers | $q$-Bernoulli numbers]]<br />
Line 457: Line 456:
 
[[Stirling numbers of the first kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the first kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
 
[[Stirling numbers of the second kind]]<br />
 +
[[Sylvester's sequence]]<br />
 +
[[Thue-Morse sequence]]<br />
 +
 +
==Trigonometric functions==
 +
[[Arcsin (multivalued)]] <br />
 +
[[Arccos (multivalued)]] <br />
 +
[[Arctan (multivalued]] <br />
 +
[[Arccsc (multivalued)]] <br />
 +
[[Arcsec (multivalued)]] <br />
 +
[[Arccot (multivalued)]] <br />
  
==Figurate numbers==
+
{{:Trigonometric functions footer}}
[[Tetrahedral numbers]]<br />
+
{{:Inverse trigonometric functions footer}}
[[Pyramidal numbers]] <br />
+
{{:Hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
[[Cubic numbers]]<br />
+
{{:Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions footer}}
[[Octahedral numbers]]<br />
+
{{:Depreciated trigonometric functions footer}}
 +
 
 +
===Depreciated trigonometric functions===
 +
[[Arccosvercosine]]<br />
 +
[[Arccoversine]]<br />
 +
[[Archavercosine]]<br />
 +
[[Archaversine]]<br />
 +
[[Arcvercosine]]<br />
 +
[[Arcversine]]<br />
 +
[[Hacovercosine]]<br />
 +
[[Hacoversine]]<br />
 +
[[Havercosine]]<br />
 +
[[Haversine]]<br />
 +
[[Inverse tangent integral]]<br />
 +
[[Vercosine]]<br />
 +
 
 +
==Zeta functions==
 +
A [http://empslocal.ex.ac.uk/people/staff/mrwatkin//zeta/directoryofzetafunctions.htm directory] of zeta functions.
 +
 
 +
<div class="grid">
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:hurwitzzetathumb.png|45px|link=Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Hurwitz zeta]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:jacobizetathumb.png|45px|link=Jacobi zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Jacobi zeta]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:primezetapthumb.png|45px|link=Prime zeta P]]<br />
 +
[[Prime zeta P|Prime zeta $P$]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:riemannzetathumb.png|45px|link=Riemann zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Riemann zeta]]</center></div>
 +
<div class="grid"><center>[[File:weierstrasszetathumb.png|45px|link=Weierstrass zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Weierstrass zeta]]</center></div>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
[[Airy zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Arithmetic zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Arakawa-Kaneko zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Arithmetic zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Artin-Mazur zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Barnes zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Bessel zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Beurling zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Cotangent zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Dedekind zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Epstein zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Fibonacci zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Goss zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Hasse-Weil zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Height zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Igusa zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Ihara zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Lefschetz zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Lerch zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Local zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Matsumoto zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Minakshisudaram-Pleijel zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Motivic zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Multiple zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[p-adic zeta function | $p$-adic zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[q-Hurwitz zeta|$q$-Hurwitz zeta]]<br />
 +
[[q-zeta|$q$-zeta]]<br />
 +
[[Reciprocal zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Ruelle zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Secant zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Selberg zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Shimizu zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Shintani zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Witten zeta function]]<br />
 +
[[Z function]]<br />
  
===Polygonal numbers===
+
==Arithmetic Operations==
[[Decagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Addition]] <br />
[[Dodecagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Division]] <br />
[[Enneadecagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Exponentiation]]<br />
[[Hendecagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Hyperoperation]]<br />
[[Heptadecagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Multiplication]] <br />
[[Heptagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Subtraction]] <br />
[[Hexadecagonal numbers]]<br />
+
[[Tetration]]<br />
[[Hexagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Icosagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Icosidigonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Icositetragonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Icositrigonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Icosihenagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Myriagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Nonogonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Octadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Octagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Pentadecagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Pentagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Rectangular numbers]]<br />
 
[[Square numbers]]<br />
 
[[Thue-Morse sequence]]<br />
 
[[Tridecagonal numbers]]<br />
 
[[Triangular numbers]]<br />
 
[[Tetradecagonal numbers]]<br />
 
  
 
=Special constants=
 
=Special constants=
 
+
[[Algebraic]] <br />
 +
[[Transcendental]]
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
Line 498: Line 556:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Apéry's constant]] || $\zeta(3)$  || $1.2020569031595942854 \ldots$
 
| [[Apéry's constant]] || $\zeta(3)$  || $1.2020569031595942854 \ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Artin constant]] || $C_{\mathrm{Artin}}$ || $0.3739558136\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Brun's constant]] || $B_2$ || $1.9021605831\ldots$
 
| [[Brun's constant]] || $B_2$ || $1.9021605831\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Cahen's constant]] || ||  
+
| [[Cahen's constant]] || $C$ || $0.64341054629\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Catalan constant]] || $G$ || $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
 
| [[Catalan constant]] || $G$ || $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
Line 507: Line 567:
 
| [[Chaitin's constant]] || ||
 
| [[Chaitin's constant]] || ||
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Champernowne constant]] || || $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
+
| [[Champernowne constant]] || $C_{10}$ || $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Conway's constant]] || || $1.303577269034 \ldots$
 
| [[Conway's constant]] || || $1.303577269034 \ldots$
Line 525: Line 585:
 
| [[Fransén–Robinson constant]] || || $2.807770242028519365221501186557772932308085920930198291220054 \ldots$
 
| [[Fransén–Robinson constant]] || || $2.807770242028519365221501186557772932308085920930198291220054 \ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Gauss' constant]] || ||
+
| [[Gauss' constant]] || $G$ || $0.83462684167\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gieseking constant]] || $G$ || $1.01494160640965\ldots$
 
| [[Gieseking constant]] || $G$ || $1.01494160640965\ldots$
Line 552: Line 612:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Khinchin's constant]] || $K$ || $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
 
| [[Khinchin's constant]] || $K$ || $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Komornik–Loreti constant]] || $q$ || $1.787231650\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Legendre's constant]] || $B$ || $1$
 
| [[Legendre's constant]] || $B$ || $1$
Line 568: Line 630:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Norton's constant]] || $B$ || $0.06535142\ldots$
 
| [[Norton's constant]] || $B$ || $0.06535142\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Omega constant]] || $\Omega$ || $0.5671432904097838729\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Paper folding constant]] || $P$ || $0.85073618820186\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Pell constant]] || $P$ || $0.58057755820489\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Pi]] || $\pi$ || $3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944 \ldots$
 
| [[Pi]] || $\pi$ || $3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944 \ldots$
Line 575: Line 643:
 
| [[q-pi]] || $\pi_q$ ||  
 
| [[q-pi]] || $\pi_q$ ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Reciprocal Fibonacci constant]] || ||
+
| [[Rabbit constant]] || $R$ || $0.7098034428612913146\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Ramanujan constant]] || $R$ || $262537412640768743.9999999999992500\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Reciprocal Fibonacci constant]] || $\psi$ || $3.35988566624317755\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Rutherford constant]] || $K_R$ || $0.8227\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Shallit Constant]] || ||
 
| [[Shallit Constant]] || ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[Sierpiński constant]] || $S$ || $0.8228252496\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Silver ratio]] || $\delta_s$ || $2.4142135623730950488 \ldots$
 
| [[Silver ratio]] || $\delta_s$ || $2.4142135623730950488 \ldots$
Line 585: Line 661:
 
| [[Square root spiral constant]] || || $-2.1577829966\ldots$
 
| [[Square root spiral constant]] || || $-2.1577829966\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || ||
+
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || $\gamma_n$ ||
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Stieltjes constants]] || ||
+
| [[Ternary Champernowne constant]] || $C_3$ || $0.598958167538433\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Theodorus constant]] || || $1.8600250792\ldots$
 
| [[Theodorus constant]] || || $1.8600250792\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Thue constant]] || || $0.8590997969\ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Trott's constant]] || || $0.10841015\ldots$
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Twin prime constant]] || ||
 
| [[Twin prime constant]] || ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[White House switchboard constants]] || $W$ || $0.2024561414 \ldots$
 
| [[White House switchboard constants]] || $W$ || $0.2024561414 \ldots$
 +
|-
 +
| [[Wyler constant]] || $\alpha_W$ ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[Zolotarev-Schur constant]] || ||
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 
=Operators=
 
[[Alexander operator]]<br />
 
[[Bernardi operator]]<br />
 
[[Fourier transform]]<br />
 
[[Laplace transform]]<br />
 
[[Libera operator]]<br />
 
[[Mellin transform]]<br />
 
[[Radon transform]]<br />
 
  
 
=Numbers=
 
=Numbers=
Line 621: Line 697:
 
[[Absolute minimum]]<br />
 
[[Absolute minimum]]<br />
 
[[Analytic continuation]]<br />
 
[[Analytic continuation]]<br />
 +
[[Arithmetic functions]]<br />
 +
[[Binomial series]]<br />
 
[[Cell]]<br />
 
[[Cell]]<br />
 
[[Continuous]]<br />
 
[[Continuous]]<br />
Line 626: Line 704:
 
[[Difference equation of hypergeometric type]]<br />
 
[[Difference equation of hypergeometric type]]<br />
 
[[Doubly periodic function]]<br />
 
[[Doubly periodic function]]<br />
 +
[[Entire]]<br />
 
[[Fundamental pair of periods]]<br />
 
[[Fundamental pair of periods]]<br />
 
[[Integration by parts]]<br />
 
[[Integration by parts]]<br />
 +
[[Integral from a to a]]<br />
 
[[Laplace transform]]<br />
 
[[Laplace transform]]<br />
 
[[Lattice generated by doubly periodic periods]]<br />
 
[[Lattice generated by doubly periodic periods]]<br />
Line 635: Line 715:
 
[[Periodic function]]<br />
 
[[Periodic function]]<br />
 
[[Period parallelogram]]<br />
 
[[Period parallelogram]]<br />
[[Product rule]]<br />
+
[[Polar coordinates]]<br />
 +
[[Product rule for derivatives]]<br />
 
[[Quotient rule]]<br />
 
[[Quotient rule]]<br />
 
[[Ratio_test | Ratio test]]<br />
 
[[Ratio_test | Ratio test]]<br />
Line 654: Line 735:
 
=External Links=
 
=External Links=
 
[http://authors.library.caltech.edu/43491/ Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)]<br />
 
[http://authors.library.caltech.edu/43491/ Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)]<br />
[http://dualaud.net/txt/rainvillespecialfunctions.php Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"]<br />
+
[https://github.com/tomcuchta/rainvillesfsolutions Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"]<br />
 
[http://web.mst.edu/~lmhall/SPFNS/spfns.pdf "Special Functions" by Leon Hall]<br />
 
[http://web.mst.edu/~lmhall/SPFNS/spfns.pdf "Special Functions" by Leon Hall]<br />
 
[http://www.johndcook.com/special_function_diagram.html Relations between special functions by John D. Cook]<br />
 
[http://www.johndcook.com/special_function_diagram.html Relations between special functions by John D. Cook]<br />
 
[http://dlmf.nist.gov NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]<br />
 
[http://dlmf.nist.gov NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]<br />
[http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~sfinch/ Mathematical Constants by Steven R. Finch]<br />
 
 
[https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/t.h.koornwinder/specfun/ T.H Koornwinder's list of resources]<br />
 
[https://staff.fnwi.uva.nl/t.h.koornwinder/specfun/ T.H Koornwinder's list of resources]<br />
 
[http://129.81.170.14/~vhm/Table.html Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals]<br />
 
[http://129.81.170.14/~vhm/Table.html Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals]<br />
[http://dualaud.net/specialfunctionswiki/abramowitz_and_stegun-1.03/index.htm Abramowitz and Stegun]<br />
 
 
[http://www.lmfdb.org/ LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.]<br />
 
[http://www.lmfdb.org/ LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.]<br />
 
[http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/books.html Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"]<br />
 
[http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/books.html Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"]<br />
[http://mpmath.googlecode.com/svn/gallery/gallery.html Gallery of mathematical functions]<br />
 
 
[http://www.numbertheory.org/ntw/lecture_notes.html Online number theory lecture notes and teaching materials]<br />
 
[http://www.numbertheory.org/ntw/lecture_notes.html Online number theory lecture notes and teaching materials]<br />
 
[http://oeis.org/ The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]<br />
 
[http://oeis.org/ The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]<br />
 
[http://scipp.ucsc.edu/~haber/archives/physics116A10/arccoth.pdf "According to Abramowitz and Stegun" or arccoth needn't be uncouth]<br />
 
[http://scipp.ucsc.edu/~haber/archives/physics116A10/arccoth.pdf "According to Abramowitz and Stegun" or arccoth needn't be uncouth]<br />
[http://orcca.on.ca/~bill/OpenMath/SpecialFns/html/cd/ OpenMath Content Dictionaries: Special Functions]<br />
 

Latest revision as of 15:47, 26 August 2023

Special functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and applications of mathematics. The term applies to such a wide range of functions that no single source contains all of them. We aim to remedy this problem.

Registration Due to a resurgence of automated spam bots, account registration and anonymous editing is currently disabled. Please contact Tom Cuchta (tomcuchta@gmail.com) to gain access to edit the wiki.

Special functions

Bickley-Naylor
Carlitz-Goss Gamma function
Clausen cosine
Clausen sine
Debye function
Dirichlet function
Discriminant
Distance to integers
Eisenstein series
Heaviside step function
Hermite function
K-function
Legendre chi
Legendre function
Lerch transcendent
Log barrier
MacRobert E
Maass forms
Meijer G-function
Mittag-Leffler
Modular form
Mock modular forms
Mock theta functions
Nome
Painlevé transcendents
Polyexponential
Ramanujan theta function
Riemann-Landau xi
Riemann Siegel theta function
Riemann theta function
Sievert integral
Singular function
Theta functions
Unit step function
Voight function
Volterra function
Weierstrass elementary factors

Bessel functions and friends

Bessel functions
Airy functions
Hankel functions
Kelvin functions


Modified Struve function
Riccati-Bessel $S_n$
Riccati-Bessel $C_n$
Riccati-Bessel $\xi_n$
Riccati-Bessel $\zeta_n$
Weber function

*-c functions

Normalized sinc

$*$-c functions

Continuous nowhere-differentiable functions and friends


Continuous nowhere differentiable functions

Besicovitch functions
Bolzano function
Cellérier function
Katsuura function
Keisswetter function
Koch curve
Knopp function
Lynch function
McCarthy function
Orlicz functions
Peano function
Petr function
Schoenberg function
Schwarz function
Sierpiński curve
Weierstrass nowhere differentiable function
Wen function

Defined by a differential equation

Buchstab function
Dickman–de Bruijn function
Mathieu function

Elliptic functions

Elliptic functions (general overview and definitions)

Jacobi Elliptic Functions

Incomplete Elliptic E
Incomplete Elliptic K
Jacobi elliptic functions
Weierstrass $\sigma$

Error function and friends

Dawson D-
Faddeeva function
Inverse complementary error function

Error functions

Figurate numbers

Tetrahedral numbers
Pyramidal numbers
Cubic numbers
Octahedral numbers

Polygonal numbers

Enneadecagonal numbers
Heptadecagonal numbers
Hexadecagonal numbers
Icosagonal numbers
Icosidigonal numbers
Icositetragonal numbers
Icositrigonal numbers
Icosihenagonal numbers
Myriagonal numbers
Octadecagonal numbers
Rectangular numbers

Gamma function and friends

Falling factorial
Incomplete beta function
Loggamma
Lower incomplete gamma
Multiple gamma function
Primorial
Rising factorial
Trigamma

Hypergeometric series

Hypergeometric functions

Hypergeometric 0F3
Hypergeometric 1F1
Hypergeometric 1F2
Hypergeometric 2F0
Hypergeometric 2F3
Hypergeometric 3F2
Hypergeometric 4F1
Lauricella–Saran functions

*-integral functions

$\ast$-integral functions

Böhmer C
Böhmer S
Entire exponential integral

Jacobi theta functions

Jacobi theta functions

Logarithm function and friends

Logarithm and friends

Logarithm base a
Logarithm (multivalued)
Trilogarithm

Matrix functions

Determinant
Matrix arcsin
Matrix exponential
Matrix cosh
Matrix sinh
Matrix logarithm
Matrix sine
Matrix cosine
Trace

Matrix hypergeometric functions

Matrix hypergeometric pFq
Matrix hypergeometric 0F3
Matrix hypergeometric 1F1
Matrix hypergeometric 1F2
Matrix hypergeometric 2F0
Matrix hypergeometric 2F3
Matrix hypergeometric 3F2
Matrix hypergeometric 4F1

Operators

Alexander operator
Bernardi operator
Fourier transform
Laplace transform
Libera operator
Mellin transform
Radon transform
Two-dimensional Laplace transform

Polynomials

Bernstein B

Probability distributions

Continuous distributions

Probability density funcitons

Arcsin pdf
Beta pdf
Cauchy pdf
Chi-squared pdf
Exponential pdf
F pdf
Gamma pdf
Laplace pdf
Log-normal pdf
Normal pdf
Pareto pdf
Student's t pdf
Continuous uniform pdf
Weibull pdf

Cumulative Density Functions

Arcsin cdf
Beta cdf
Cauchy cdf
Chi-squared cdf
Exponential cdf
F cdf
Gamma cdf
Laplace cdf
Log-normal cdf
Normal cdf
Pareto cdf
Student's t cdf
Continuous uniform cdf
Weibull cdf

Discrete distributions

Bernoulli distribution
Binomial distribution
Discrete uniform distribution
Geometric distribution
Hypergeometric distribution
Negative binomial distribution
Poisson distribution


Orthogonal polynomials

Adomian polynomials
Angelescu polynomials
Bell polynomial
Boole polynomials
Charlier polynomial
Cyclotomic polynomials
Denisyuk polynomials
Hahn polynomial
Humbert polynomials
$q$-Hermite polynomial
Krawtchouk polynomial
Lagrange polynomial
Lidstone polynomial
Lommel polynomial
Macdonald polynomials
Mahler polynomial
Meixner polynomial
Meixner-Pollaczek polynomial
Mott polynomial
Narumi polynomials
Neumann polynomial
Padovan polynomials
Peters polynomials
Pidduck polynomial
Pincherle polynomials
Sister Celine's polynomials
Spread polynomial
Touchard polynomial
Rook polynomial
Stirling polynomial

$q$-calculus

Basic Fourier series
Euler-Jackson $q$-difference operator
$q$-analog
$q$-Bernoulli numbers
$q$-derivative
$q$-numbers
Symmetric $q$-numbers

$q$-special functions

Basic hypergeometric $\phi$
Basic hypergeometric series $\psi$
Continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials
Elliptic gamma function
Exton $q$-exponential
Generalized $q$-Bessel
Hahn-Exton $q$-Bessel
Gosper $q$-sine
Jackson $q$-Bessel (1)
Jackson $q$-Bessel (2)
Jackson $q$-Bessel (3)
LLT polynomials
$q$-Bessel function
$q$-Beta function
$q$-$\cos$
$q$-$\mathrm{Cos}$
$q$-Binomial coefficient
$q$-Dirichlet series
$q$-exponential $e_q$
$q$-exponential $e_{\frac{1}{q}}$
$q$-exponential $E_q$
$q$-exponential $E_{\frac{1}{q}}$
$q$-Fibonacci polynomials
q-Gamma function
$q$-Gaussian distribution
$q$-Hermite polynomial
$q$-Hurwitz zeta
$q$-Pochhammer symbol
q-Pollaczek polynomial
$q$-Polygamma function
$q$-shifted factorial
$q$-$\sin$
$q$-$\mathrm{Sin}$
$q$-Theta function
$q$-ultraspherical polynomial
$q$-zeta
Second $q$-shifted factorial
Tsallis $q$-exponential

$q$-calculus

Special functions in number theory

Number theory functions

Dirichlet $L$-function
$p$-adic $L$ function
Ramanujan's sum
Riemann prime counting

Special sequences

Sequences are merely functions whose domain is a subset of $\mathbb{Z}$.
Amicable numbers
Associated Stirling numbers of the second kind
Bell numbers
Bernoulli numbers ($B_0 = 1, B_1 = \pm \frac{1}{2}, B_2 = \frac{1}{6}, B_3 = 0, B_4 = −\frac{1}{30}, B_5 = 0, B_6 = \frac{1}{42}, B_7 = 0, B_8 = −\frac{1}{30}$)
Betrothed numbers
Carmichael numbers
Euler numbers
Erdős–Nicolas numbers
Farey sequence
Fermat numbers
Fibonacci numbers
Genocchi numbers
Harmonic number
Idoneal number
Jacobsthal numbers
Signed Lah numbers
Unsigned Lah numbers
Lucas numbers
Lychrel numbers
Pell numbers
Mersenne numbers
Nielsen-Ramanujan sequence
Perfect numbers
Powerful numbers
Pronic numbers
$q$-Bernoulli numbers
Reduced Stirling numbers of the second kind
Stieltjes constants
Stirling numbers of the first kind
Stirling numbers of the second kind
Sylvester's sequence
Thue-Morse sequence

Trigonometric functions

Arcsin (multivalued)
Arccos (multivalued)
Arctan (multivalued
Arccsc (multivalued)
Arcsec (multivalued)
Arccot (multivalued)

Trigonometric functions
Inverse trigonometric functions
Hyperbolic trigonometric functions
Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric functions
Depreciated trigonometric functions

Depreciated trigonometric functions

Arccosvercosine
Arccoversine
Archavercosine
Archaversine
Arcvercosine
Arcversine
Hacovercosine
Hacoversine
Havercosine
Haversine
Inverse tangent integral
Vercosine

Zeta functions

A directory of zeta functions.

Airy zeta function
Arithmetic zeta function
Arakawa-Kaneko zeta function
Arithmetic zeta function
Artin-Mazur zeta function
Barnes zeta function
Bessel zeta function
Beurling zeta function
Cotangent zeta function
Dedekind zeta function
Epstein zeta function
Fibonacci zeta function
Goss zeta function
Hasse-Weil zeta function
Height zeta function
Igusa zeta function
Ihara zeta function
Lefschetz zeta function
Lerch zeta function
Local zeta function
Matsumoto zeta function
Minakshisudaram-Pleijel zeta function
Motivic zeta function
Multiple zeta function
$p$-adic zeta function
$q$-Hurwitz zeta
$q$-zeta
Reciprocal zeta function
Ruelle zeta function
Secant zeta function
Selberg zeta function
Shimizu zeta function
Shintani zeta function
Witten zeta function
Z function

Arithmetic Operations

Addition
Division
Exponentiation
Hyperoperation
Multiplication
Subtraction
Tetration

Special constants

Algebraic
Transcendental

Name Notation Value
Apéry's constant $\zeta(3)$ $1.2020569031595942854 \ldots$
Artin constant $C_{\mathrm{Artin}}$ $0.3739558136\ldots$
Brun's constant $B_2$ $1.9021605831\ldots$
Cahen's constant $C$ $0.64341054629\ldots$
Catalan constant $G$ $0.915965594177219015054603514932384110774 \ldots$
Chaitin's constant
Champernowne constant $C_{10}$ $0.12345678910111213141516171819202122232425\ldots$
Conway's constant $1.303577269034 \ldots$
Copeland-Erdős constant $0.23571113171923...$
Euler's number $e$ $2.71828182846 \ldots$
Erdős-Borwein Constant $E$ $1.606695152415291763\ldots$
Euler-Mascheroni constant $\gamma$ $0.5772156649015328606065120900824024310421593359399235\ldots$
Feigenbaum constants $4.669201609102990671853203820466201617258185577475768632745651 \ldots$
Freiman constant $F$ $4.5278295661\ldots$
Fransén–Robinson constant $2.807770242028519365221501186557772932308085920930198291220054 \ldots$
Gauss' constant $G$ $0.83462684167\ldots$
Gieseking constant $G$ $1.01494160640965\ldots$
Gelfond constant $e^{\pi}$ $23.14069263277926900572908636794854738026610624260021199344504 \ldots$
Gelfond–Schneider constant $2^{\sqrt{2}}$ $2.665144142690225188650297249873139848274211313714659492835979 \ldots$
Glaisher–Kinkelin constant $A$ $1.2824271291 \ldots$
Goh-Schmutz constant $C$ $1.1178641511899\ldots$
Golden ratio $\phi$ $1.618033988749894848204586834365638117720309179805762862135448 \ldots$
Gompertz constant $G$ $0.596347362323\ldots$
Graham's number
Hall-Montgomery constant $\delta_0$ $0.17150049\ldots$
Imaginary number $i$ $\sqrt{-1}$
Jenny's constants $J$ $867.5309\ldots$
Kaprekar's constant $6174$
Khinchin's constant $K$ $2.685452001065306445309714835481795693820382293994462953051152 \ldots$
Komornik–Loreti constant $q$ $1.787231650\ldots$
Legendre's constant $B$ $1$
Lefschetz number
Lévy's constant
Liouville constant
Meissel-Mertens constant $M$ $0.26149721284764278375...$
Mills' constant $M$ $1.306377883863080690468614492602605712916784585156713644368053 \ldots$
Nested radical constant $C$ $1.75793275\ldots$
Norton's constant $B$ $0.06535142\ldots$
Omega constant $\Omega$ $0.5671432904097838729\ldots$
Paper folding constant $P$ $0.85073618820186\ldots$
Pell constant $P$ $0.58057755820489\ldots$
Pi $\pi$ $3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944 \ldots$
Porter's constant $C$ $1.4670780794\ldots$
q-pi $\pi_q$
Rabbit constant $R$ $0.7098034428612913146\ldots$
Ramanujan constant $R$ $262537412640768743.9999999999992500\ldots$
Reciprocal Fibonacci constant $\psi$ $3.35988566624317755\ldots$
Rutherford constant $K_R$ $0.8227\ldots$
Shallit Constant
Sierpiński constant $S$ $0.8228252496\ldots$
Silver ratio $\delta_s$ $2.4142135623730950488 \ldots$
Soldner's Constant $\mu$ $1.45136923488338105028396848589202744949\ldots$
Square root spiral constant $-2.1577829966\ldots$
Stieltjes constants $\gamma_n$
Ternary Champernowne constant $C_3$ $0.598958167538433\ldots$
Theodorus constant $1.8600250792\ldots$
Thue constant $0.8590997969\ldots$
Trott's constant $0.10841015\ldots$
Twin prime constant
White House switchboard constants $W$ $0.2024561414 \ldots$
Wyler constant $\alpha_W$
Zolotarev-Schur constant

Numbers

Algebraic number $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$
Complex number $\mathbb{C}$
Integer $\mathbb{Z}$
Irrational number $\mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}$
Natural number $\mathbb{N}$
p-adic number
Prime number
Rational number $\mathbb{Q}$
Real number $\mathbb{R}$
Transcendental number

Tools from calculus

Absolute maximum
Absolute minimum
Analytic continuation
Arithmetic functions
Binomial series
Cell
Continuous
Derivative
Difference equation of hypergeometric type
Doubly periodic function
Entire
Fundamental pair of periods
Integration by parts
Integral from a to a
Laplace transform
Lattice generated by doubly periodic periods
Lebesgue integral
Local maximum
Local minimum
Periodic function
Period parallelogram
Polar coordinates
Product rule for derivatives
Quotient rule
Ratio test
Riemann integral
Stirling formula
Rolle's theorem
Taylor series
Weierstrass factorization

Other

Functions named after Pafnuty Chebyshev
Functions named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Functions named after Leonard Euler
Functions named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Functions named after Bernhard Riemann
Functions named after Karl Weierstrass

External Links

Higher transcendental functions (Bateman project)
Solution manual to Rainville's "Special Functions"
"Special Functions" by Leon Hall
Relations between special functions by John D. Cook
NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
T.H Koornwinder's list of resources
Victor Moll's proofs of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik integrals
LMFDB, the database of L-functions, modular forms, and related objects.
Phillipe Flajolet's "Analytic Combinatorics"
Online number theory lecture notes and teaching materials
The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences
"According to Abramowitz and Stegun" or arccoth needn't be uncouth